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31_a_factbook_2_2010
Fundamental principles of European Union law include: subsidiarity - the notion that issues be handled by the smallest, lowest, or least centralized competent authority; proportionality - the EU may only act to the extent needed to achieve its objectives; conferral - the EU is a union of member states, and all its authorities are voluntarily granted by its members; legal certainty - requires that legal rules be clear and precise; and precautionary principle - a moral and political principle stating that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the action.

0031_0002__principles principles 0031_0001__Fundamental fundamental 0031_0002__principles->0031_0001__Fundamental [attrib] 0031_0006__law law 0031_0002__principles->0031_0006__law of 0031_0004__European_0031_0005__Union european_union 0031_0006__law->0031_0004__European_0031_0005__Union [modifier] 0031_0007__include include 0031_0007__include->0031_0002__principles [arg0] 0031_0079__and and 0031_0007__include->0031_0079__and [arg1] 0031_0029__proportionality proportionality 0031_0079__and->0031_0029__proportionality [conj2] 0031_0045__conferral conferral 0031_0079__and->0031_0045__conferral [conj3] 0031_0068__certainty certainty 0031_0079__and->0031_0068__certainty [conj4] 0031_0009__subsidiarity subsidiarity 0031_0079__and->0031_0009__subsidiarity [conj1] 0031_0081__principle principle 0031_0079__and->0031_0081__principle [conj5] 0031_0011__the_0031_0012__notion the_notion 0031_0015__be be 0031_0011__the_0031_0012__notion->0031_0015__be [emb] 0031_0016__handled handled 0031_0015__be->0031_0016__handled [scope] 0031_0014__issues issues 0031_0016__handled->0031_0014__issues [arg1] 0031_0018__the_0031_0027__authority the_authority 0031_0016__handled->0031_0018__the_0031_0027__authority by[arg0] 0031_0023__or or 0031_0018__the_0031_0027__authority->0031_0023__or [attrib] 0031_0026__competent competent 0031_0018__the_0031_0027__authority->0031_0026__competent [attrib] 0031_0019__smallest smallest 0031_0023__or->0031_0019__smallest [conj1] 0031_0021__lowest lowest 0031_0023__or->0031_0021__lowest [conj2] 0031_0025__centralized centralized 0031_0023__or->0031_0025__centralized [conj3] 0031_0024__least least 0031_0025__centralized->0031_0024__least [qual] 0031_0033__may may 0031_0029__proportionality->0031_0033__may [prn] 0031_0035__act act 0031_0033__may->0031_0035__act [scope] 0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU the_eu 0031_0035__act->0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU [arg0] 0031_0034__only only 0031_0035__act->0031_0034__only [nim] 0031_0037__the_0031_0038__extent the_extent 0031_0035__act->0031_0037__the_0031_0038__extent to[nim] 0031_0039__needed needed 0031_0039__needed->0031_0037__the_0031_0038__extent [arg0] 0031_0041__achieve achieve 0031_0039__needed->0031_0041__achieve [arg1] 0031_0041__achieve->0031_0037__the_0031_0038__extent [arg0] 0031_0043__objectives objectives 0031_0041__achieve->0031_0043__objectives [arg1] 0031_0043__objectives->0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU [gen] 0031_0056__and and 0031_0045__conferral->0031_0056__and [prn] 0031_0049__is is 0031_0056__and->0031_0049__is [conj1] 0031_0057__all all[quant] 0031_0056__and->0031_0057__all [conj2] 0031_0049__is->0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU [arg0] 0031_0050__a_0031_0051__union a_union 0031_0049__is->0031_0050__a_0031_0051__union [prd] 0031_0053__membe0031_0054__states member_states 0031_0050__a_0031_0051__union->0031_0053__membe0031_0054__states of 0031_0059__authorities authorities 0031_0057__all->0031_0059__authorities [restriction] 0031_0060__are are 0031_0057__all->0031_0060__are [scope] 0031_0059__authorities->0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU [gen] 0031_0062__granted granted 0031_0060__are->0031_0062__granted [scope] 0031_0062__granted->0031_0059__authorities [arg1] 0031_0061__voluntarily voluntarily 0031_0062__granted->0031_0061__voluntarily [nim] 0031_0065__members members 0031_0062__granted->0031_0065__members by[arg0] 0031_0065__members->0031_0031__the_0031_0032__EU [gen] 0031_0067__legal legal 0031_0068__certainty->0031_0067__legal [attrib] 0031_0070__requires requires 0031_0070__requires->0031_0068__certainty [arg0] 0031_0074__be be 0031_0070__requires->0031_0074__be [arg1] 0031_0073__rules rules 0031_0074__be->0031_0073__rules [arg0] 0031_0076__and and 0031_0074__be->0031_0076__and [prd] 0031_0072__legal legal 0031_0073__rules->0031_0072__legal [attrib] 0031_0075__clear clear 0031_0076__and->0031_0075__clear [conj1] 0031_0077__precise precise 0031_0076__and->0031_0077__precise [conj2] 0031_0080__precautionary precautionary 0031_0081__principle->0031_0080__precautionary [attrib] 0031_0083__a_0031_0087__principle a_principle 0031_0085__and and 0031_0083__a_0031_0087__principle->0031_0085__and [attrib] 0031_0084__moral moral 0031_0085__and->0031_0084__moral [conj1] 0031_0086__political political 0031_0085__and->0031_0086__political [conj2] 0031_0088__stating stating 0031_0088__stating->0031_0083__a_0031_0087__principle [arg0] 0031_0090__if if 0031_0088__stating->0031_0090__if [arg1] 0031_0095__might might 0031_0090__if->0031_0095__might [restriction] 0031_0126__falls falls 0031_0090__if->0031_0126__falls [scope] 0031_0096__cause cause 0031_0095__might->0031_0096__cause [scope] 0031_0110__the_0031_0111__absence the_absence 0031_0126__falls->0031_0110__the_0031_0111__absence in[nim] 0031_0122__the_0031_0123__burden the_burden 0031_0126__falls->0031_0122__the_0031_0123__burden [arg0] 0031_0128__those those 0031_0126__falls->0031_0128__those on[nim] 0031_0093__or or 0031_0091__an_0031_0092__action an_action 0031_0093__or->0031_0091__an_0031_0092__action [conj1] 0031_0094__policy policy 0031_0093__or->0031_0094__policy [conj2] 0031_0096__cause->0031_0093__or [arg0] 0031_0100__harm harm 0031_0096__cause->0031_0100__harm [arg1] 0031_0098__or or 0031_0100__harm->0031_0098__or [attrib] 0031_0104__or or 0031_0100__harm->0031_0104__or 0031_0097__severe severe 0031_0098__or->0031_0097__severe [conj1] 0031_0099__irreversible irreversible 0031_0098__or->0031_0099__irreversible [conj2] 0031_0102__the_0031_0103__public the_public 0031_0104__or->0031_0102__the_0031_0103__public to 0031_0106__the_0031_0107__environment the_environment 0031_0104__or->0031_0106__the_0031_0107__environment to 0031_0113__a_0031_0115__consensus a_consensus 0031_0110__the_0031_0111__absence->0031_0113__a_0031_0115__consensus of 0031_0114__scientific scientific 0031_0113__a_0031_0115__consensus->0031_0114__scientific [attrib] 0031_0119__not not 0031_0113__a_0031_0115__consensus->0031_0119__not [emb] 0031_0118__would would 0031_0119__not->0031_0118__would [scope] 0031_0120__ensue ensue 0031_0118__would->0031_0120__ensue [scope] 0031_0117__harm harm 0031_0120__ensue->0031_0117__harm [arg0] 0031_0125__proof proof 0031_0122__the_0031_0123__burden->0031_0125__proof of 0031_0130__would would 0031_0131__advocate advocate 0031_0130__would->0031_0131__advocate [scope] 0031_0131__advocate->0031_0128__those [arg0] 0031_0132__taking taking 0031_0131__advocate->0031_0132__taking [arg1] 0031_0132__taking->0031_0128__those [arg0] 0031_0133__the_0031_0134__action the_action 0031_0132__taking->0031_0133__the_0031_0134__action [arg1] z_0031_5019 _ z_0031_5019->0031_0011__the_0031_0012__notion [prd] z_0031_5019->0031_0009__subsidiarity [arg0] z_0031_5101 _ z_0031_5101->0031_0081__principle [arg0] z_0031_5101->0031_0083__a_0031_0087__principle [prd] 
arc(r_0031_0002__principles,r_0031_0001__Fundamental,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0002__principles,r_0031_0006__law,r_0031_0003__of).
arc(r_0031_0006__law,r_0031_0004__European_r_0031_0005__Union,modifier).
arc(r_0031_0007__include,r_0031_0002__principles,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0007__include,r_0031_0079__and,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0011__the_r_0031_0012__notion,r_0031_0015__be,emb).
arc(r_0031_0015__be,r_0031_0016__handled,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0016__handled,r_0031_0014__issues,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0016__handled,r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0017__by_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0023__or,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0026__competent,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0019__smallest,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0021__lowest,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0025__centralized,conj3).
arc(r_0031_0025__centralized,r_0031_0024__least,qual).
arc(r_0031_0029__proportionality,r_0031_0033__may,prn).
arc(r_0031_0033__may,r_0031_0035__act,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0034__only,nim).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,r_0031_0036__to__nim).
arc(r_0031_0039__needed,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0039__needed,r_0031_0041__achieve,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0041__achieve,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0041__achieve,r_0031_0043__objectives,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0043__objectives,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0045__conferral,r_0031_0056__and,prn).
arc(r_0031_0049__is,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0049__is,r_0031_0050__a_r_0031_0051__union,prd).
arc(r_0031_0050__a_r_0031_0051__union,r_0031_0053__member_r_0031_0054__states,r_0031_0052__of).
arc(r_0031_0056__and,r_0031_0049__is,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0056__and,r_0031_0057__all__quant,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0057__all__quant,r_0031_0059__authorities,restriction).
arc(r_0031_0057__all__quant,r_0031_0060__are,scope).
arc(r_0031_0059__authorities,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0060__are,r_0031_0062__granted,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0059__authorities,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0061__voluntarily,nim).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0065__members,r_0031_0063__by_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0065__members,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0068__certainty,r_0031_0067__legal,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0070__requires,r_0031_0068__certainty,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0070__requires,r_0031_0074__be,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0073__rules,r_0031_0072__legal,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0074__be,r_0031_0073__rules,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0074__be,r_0031_0076__and,prd).
arc(r_0031_0076__and,r_0031_0075__clear,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0076__and,r_0031_0077__precise,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0009__subsidiarity,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0029__proportionality,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0045__conferral,conj3).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0068__certainty,conj4).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0081__principle,conj5).
arc(r_0031_0081__principle,r_0031_0080__precautionary,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,r_0031_0085__and,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0085__and,r_0031_0084__moral,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0085__and,r_0031_0086__political,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0088__stating,r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0088__stating,r_0031_0090__if,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0090__if,r_0031_0095__might,restriction).
arc(r_0031_0090__if,r_0031_0126__falls,scope).
arc(r_0031_0093__or,r_0031_0091__an_r_0031_0092__action,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0093__or,r_0031_0094__policy,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0095__might,r_0031_0096__cause,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0096__cause,r_0031_0093__or,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0096__cause,r_0031_0100__harm,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0098__or,r_0031_0097__severe,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0098__or,r_0031_0099__irreversible,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0100__harm,r_0031_0098__or,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0100__harm,r_0031_0104__or,z_0031_5076).
arc(r_0031_0104__or,r_0031_0102__the_r_0031_0103__public,r_0031_0101__to).
arc(r_0031_0104__or,r_0031_0106__the_r_0031_0107__environment,r_0031_0105__to).
arc(r_0031_0110__the_r_0031_0111__absence,r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0112__of).
arc(r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0114__scientific,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0119__not,emb).
arc(r_0031_0118__would,r_0031_0120__ensue,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0119__not,r_0031_0118__would,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0120__ensue,r_0031_0117__harm,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0122__the_r_0031_0123__burden,r_0031_0125__proof,r_0031_0124__of).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls,r_0031_0110__the_r_0031_0111__absence,r_0031_0109__in__nim).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls,r_0031_0122__the_r_0031_0123__burden,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls,r_0031_0128__those,r_0031_0127__on__nim).
arc(r_0031_0130__would,r_0031_0131__advocate,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0131__advocate,r_0031_0128__those,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0131__advocate,r_0031_0132__taking,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0132__taking,r_0031_0128__those,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0132__taking,r_0031_0133__the_r_0031_0134__action,arg1).
arc(z_0031_5019,r_0031_0009__subsidiarity,arg0).
arc(z_0031_5019,r_0031_0011__the_r_0031_0012__notion,prd).
arc(z_0031_5101,r_0031_0081__principle,arg0).
arc(z_0031_5101,r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,prd).

IP-MAT NP-SBJ ADJP ADJ Fundamental NS principles PP P-ROLE of NP NLYR NPR European NPR Union N law VBP;~Tn include PUNC : NP-OB1 NLYR NLYR N subsidiarity PUNC - PRN NP D the N notion CP-THT IP-SUB% C that NP-SBJ NS issues BE;~cat_Ve_passive_ be IP-PPL-CAT VVN handled PP-LGS P-ROLE;_lgs_ by NP D the ADJP AJLYR AJLYR ADJS smallest PUNC , CONJP AJLYR ADJS lowest PUNC , CONJP CONJ or AJLYR ADVP ADVS least ADJ centralized ADJP ADJ competent N authority PUNC ; CONJP NLYR N proportionality PUNC - PRN IP-MAT NP-SBJ D the NPR EU MD;~cat_Vi may IP-INF-CAT ADVP-NIM ADV only VB;~I act PP-NIM P-ROLE to NP D the N extent IP-PPL VVN needed IP-INF-OB1 TO to VB;~Tn achieve NP-OB1 NP-GEN PRO;_genm_ its NS objectives PUNC ; CONJP NLYR N conferral PUNC - PRN IP-MAT ILYR ILYR NP-SBJ D the NPR EU BEP;~Ln is NP-PRD D a N union PP P-ROLE of NP N member NS states PUNC , CONJP CONJ and ILYR NP-SBJ Q all NP-GEN PRO;_genm_ its NS authorities BEP;~cat_Ve_passive_ are IP-PPL-CAT ADVP-NIM ADV voluntarily VVN granted PP-LGS P-ROLE;_lgs_ by NP NP-GEN PRO;_genm_ its NS members PUNC ; CONJP NLYR ADJP ADJ legal N certainty PUNC - IP-REL NP-SBJ *T* VBP requires CP-THT-OB1 IP-SUB% C that NP-SBJ ADJP ADJ legal NS rules BE;~La be ADJP-PRD AJLYR AJLYR ADJ clear CONJP CONJ and AJLYR ADJ precise PUNC ; CONJP CONJ and NLYR ADJP ADJ precautionary N principle PUNC - PRN NP D a ADJP AJLYR AJLYR ADJ moral CONJP CONJ and AJLYR ADJ political N principle IP-PPL VAG stating CP-THT-OB1 IP-SUB C that PP-SCON P-CONN if IP-ADV NP-SBJ NLYR NLYR D an N action CONJP CONJ or NLYR N policy MD;~cat_Vi might IP-INF-CAT VB cause NP-OB1 ADJP AJLYR AJLYR ADJ severe CONJP CONJ or AJLYR ADJ irreversible N harm PP PP P-ROLE to NP D the N public CONJP CONJ or PP P-ROLE to NP D the N environment PUNC , PP-NIM P-ROLE in NP D the N absence PP P-ROLE of NP D a ADJP ADJ scientific N consensus CP-THT IP-SUB C that NP-SBJ N harm MD;~cat_Vi would NEG not IP-INF-CAT VB ensue PUNC , NP-SBJ D the N burden PP P-ROLE of NP N proof VBP falls PP-NIM P-ROLE on NP D;_nphd_ those IP-REL NP-SBJ RPRO who MD;~cat_Vi would IP-INF-CAT VB advocate IP-PPL-OB1 VAG taking NP-OB1 D the N action PUNC . 
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJP (ADJ Fundamental;{fundamental}))
                  (NS principles;{principle})
                  (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                      (NP (NLYR (NPR European;{European})
                                (NPR Union;{Union}))
                          (N law;{law}))))
          (VBP;~Tn include;{include})
          (PUNC :)
          (NP-OB1 (NLYR (NLYR (N subsidiarity;{subsidiarity})
                              (PUNC -)
                              (PRN (NP (D the;{the})
                                       (N notion;{notion})
                                       (CP-THT (IP-SUB% (C that;{that})
                                                        (NP-SBJ (NS issues;{issue}))
                                                        (BE;~cat_Ve_passive_ be;{be})
                                                        (IP-PPL-CAT (VVN handled;{handle})
                                                                    (PP-LGS (P-ROLE;_lgs_ by;{by})
                                                                            (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJS smallest;{small}))
                                                                                             (PUNC ,)
                                                                                             (CONJP (AJLYR (ADJS lowest;{low})))
                                                                                             (PUNC ,)
                                                                                             (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                    (AJLYR (ADVP (ADVS least;{least}))
                                                                                                           (ADJ centralized;{centralized})))))
                                                                                (ADJP (ADJ competent;{competent}))
                                                                                (N authority;{authority})))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (N proportionality;{proportionality})
                                     (PUNC -)
                                     (PRN (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ;{EU} (D the;{the})
                                                               (NPR EU;{EU}))
                                                  (MD;~cat_Vi may;{may})
                                                  (IP-INF-CAT (ADVP-NIM (ADV only;{only}))
                                                              (VB;~I act;{act})
                                                              (PP-NIM (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                      (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                          (N extent;{extent})
                                                                          (IP-PPL (VVN needed;{need})
                                                                                  (IP-INF-OB1 (TO to;{to})
                                                                                              (VB;~Tn achieve;{achieve})
                                                                                              (NP-OB1 (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                                                      (NS objectives;{objective})))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (N conferral;{conferral})
                                     (PUNC -)
                                     (PRN (IP-MAT (ILYR (ILYR (NP-SBJ;{EU} (D the;{the})
                                                                           (NPR EU;{EU}))
                                                              (BEP;~Ln is;{be})
                                                              (NP-PRD (D a;{a})
                                                                      (N union;{union})
                                                                      (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                          (NP (N member;{member})
                                                                              (NS states;{state})))))
                                                        (PUNC ,)
                                                        (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                               (ILYR (NP-SBJ (Q all;{all})
                                                                             (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                             (NS authorities;{authority}))
                                                                     (BEP;~cat_Ve_passive_ are;{be})
                                                                     (IP-PPL-CAT (ADVP-NIM (ADV voluntarily;{voluntarily}))
                                                                                 (VVN granted;{grant})
                                                                                 (PP-LGS (P-ROLE;_lgs_ by;{by})
                                                                                         (NP (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                                             (NS members;{member})))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ legal;{legal}))
                                     (N certainty;{certainty})
                                     (PUNC -)
                                     (IP-REL (NP-SBJ *T*)
                                             (VBP requires;{require})
                                             (CP-THT-OB1 (IP-SUB% (C that;{that})
                                                                  (NP-SBJ (ADJP (ADJ legal;{legal}))
                                                                          (NS rules;{rule}))
                                                                  (BE;~La be;{be})
                                                                  (ADJP-PRD (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ clear;{clear}))
                                                                                   (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                                          (AJLYR (ADJ precise;{precise}))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                               (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ precautionary;{precautionary}))
                                     (N principle;{principle})
                                     (PUNC -)
                                     (PRN (NP (D a;{a})
                                              (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ moral;{moral}))
                                                           (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                  (AJLYR (ADJ political;{political})))))
                                              (N principle;{principle})
                                              (IP-PPL (VAG stating;{state})
                                                      (CP-THT-OB1 (IP-SUB (C that;{that})
                                                                          (PP-SCON (P-CONN if;{if})
                                                                                   (IP-ADV (NP-SBJ (NLYR (NLYR (D an;{an})
                                                                                                               (N action;{action}))
                                                                                                         (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                (NLYR (N policy;{policy})))))
                                                                                           (MD;~cat_Vi might;{may})
                                                                                           (IP-INF-CAT (VB cause;{cause})
                                                                                                       (NP-OB1 (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ severe;{severe}))
                                                                                                                            (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                                   (AJLYR (ADJ irreversible;{irreversible})))))
                                                                                                               (N harm;{harm})
                                                                                                               (PP (PP (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                                                                       (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                           (N public;{public})))
                                                                                                                   (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                          (PP (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                                                                              (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                                  (N environment;{environment})))))))))
                                                                          (PUNC ,)
                                                                          (PP-NIM (P-ROLE in;{in})
                                                                                  (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                      (N absence;{absence})
                                                                                      (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                                          (NP (D a;{a})
                                                                                              (ADJP (ADJ scientific;{scientific}))
                                                                                              (N consensus;{consensus})
                                                                                              (CP-THT (IP-SUB (C that;{that})
                                                                                                              (NP-SBJ (N harm;{harm}))
                                                                                                              (MD;~cat_Vi would;{will})
                                                                                                              (NEG not;{not})
                                                                                                              (IP-INF-CAT (VB ensue;{ensue}))))))))
                                                                          (PUNC ,)
                                                                          (NP-SBJ (D the;{the})
                                                                                  (N burden;{burden})
                                                                                  (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                                      (NP (N proof;{proof}))))
                                                                          (VBP falls;{fall})
                                                                          (PP-NIM (P-ROLE on;{on})
                                                                                  (NP (D;_nphd_ those;{those})
                                                                                      (IP-REL (NP-SBJ (RPRO who;{who}))
                                                                                              (MD;~cat_Vi would;{will})
                                                                                              (IP-INF-CAT (VB advocate;{advocate})
                                                                                                          (IP-PPL-OB1 (VAG taking;{take})
                                                                                                                      (NP-OB1 (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                              (N action;{action}))))))))))))))))
          (PUNC .))
  (ID 31_a_factbook_2_2010))