TSPC 31_a_factbook_2

31_a_factbook_2_2010
Fundamental principles of European Union law include: subsidiarity - the notion that issues be handled by the smallest, lowest, or least centralized competent authority; proportionality - the EU may only act to the extent needed to achieve its objectives; conferral - the EU is a union of member states, and all its authorities are voluntarily granted by its members; legal certainty - requires that legal rules be clear and precise; and precautionary principle - a moral and political principle stating that if an action or policy might cause severe or irreversible harm to the public or to the environment, in the absence of a scientific consensus that harm would not ensue, the burden of proof falls on those who would advocate taking the action.

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (ADJP (ADJ Fundamental;{fundamental}))
                  (NS principles;{principle})
                  (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                      (NP (NLYR (NPR European;{European})
                                (NPR Union;{Union}))
                          (N law;{law}))))
          (VBP;_Tn_ include;{include})
          (PUNC :)
          (NP-OB1 (NLYR (NLYR (N subsidiarity;{subsidiarity})
                              (PUNC <hyphen>)
                              (PRN (NP (D the;{the})
                                       (N notion;{notion})
                                       (CP-THT (IP-SUB% (C that;{that})
                                                        (NP-SBJ (NS issues;{issue}))
                                                        (BE;_cat_VePASS_ be;{be})
                                                        (IP-PPL-CAT (VVN;_Tn_ handled;{handle})
                                                                    (PP-LGS (P-ROLE;_lgs_ by;{by})
                                                                            (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJS smallest;{small}))
                                                                                             (PUNC ,)
                                                                                             (CONJP (AJLYR (ADJS lowest;{low})))
                                                                                             (PUNC ,)
                                                                                             (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                    (AJLYR (ADVP (ADVS least;{least}))
                                                                                                           (ADJ centralized;{centralized})))))
                                                                                (ADJP (ADJ competent;{competent}))
                                                                                (N authority;{authority})))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (N proportionality;{proportionality})
                                     (PUNC <hyphen>)
                                     (PRN (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ;{EU} (D the;{the})
                                                               (NPR EU;{EU}))
                                                  (MD;_cat_Vi_ may;{may})
                                                  (IP-INF-CAT (ADVP-NIM (ADV only;{only}))
                                                              (VB;_I_ act;{act})
                                                              (PP-NIM (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                      (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                          (N extent;{extent})
                                                                          (IP-PPL (VVN;_Tt_ needed;{need})
                                                                                  (IP-INF-OB1 (TO to;{to})
                                                                                              (VB;_Tn_ achieve;{achieve})
                                                                                              (NP-OB1 (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                                                      (NS objectives;{objective})))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (N conferral;{conferral})
                                     (PUNC <hyphen>)
                                     (PRN (IP-MAT (ILYR (ILYR (NP-SBJ;{EU} (D the;{the})
                                                                           (NPR EU;{EU}))
                                                              (BEP;_Ln_ is;{be})
                                                              (NP-PRD (D a;{a})
                                                                      (N union;{union})
                                                                      (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                          (NP (N member;{member})
                                                                              (NS states;{state})))))
                                                        (PUNC ,)
                                                        (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                               (ILYR (NP-SBJ (Q all;{all})
                                                                             (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                             (NS authorities;{authority}))
                                                                     (BEP;_cat_VePASS_ are;{be})
                                                                     (IP-PPL-CAT (ADVP-NIM (ADV voluntarily;{voluntarily}))
                                                                                 (VVN;_Tn_ granted;{grant})
                                                                                 (PP-LGS (P-ROLE;_lgs_ by;{by})
                                                                                         (NP (NP-GEN;{EU} (PRO;_genm_ its;{its}))
                                                                                             (NS members;{member})))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ legal;{legal}))
                                     (N certainty;{certainty})
                                     (PUNC <hyphen>)
                                     (IP-REL (NP-SBJ *T*)
                                             (VBP;_Tf_ requires;{require})
                                             (CP-THT-OB1 (IP-SUB% (C that;{that})
                                                                  (NP-SBJ (ADJP (ADJ legal;{legal}))
                                                                          (NS rules;{rule}))
                                                                  (BE;_La_ be;{be})
                                                                  (ADJP-PRD (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ clear;{clear}))
                                                                                   (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                                          (AJLYR (ADJ precise;{precise}))))))))))
                        (PUNC ;)
                        (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                               (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ precautionary;{precautionary}))
                                     (N principle;{principle})
                                     (PUNC <hyphen>)
                                     (PRN (NP (D a;{a})
                                              (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ moral;{moral}))
                                                           (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                  (AJLYR (ADJ political;{political})))))
                                              (N principle;{principle})
                                              (IP-PPL (VAG;_Tf_ stating;{state})
                                                      (CP-THT-OB1 (IP-SUB (C that;{that})
                                                                          (PP-SCON (P-CONN if;{if})
                                                                                   (IP-ADV (NP-SBJ (NLYR (NLYR (D an;{an})
                                                                                                               (N action;{action}))
                                                                                                         (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                (NLYR (N policy;{policy})))))
                                                                                           (MD;_cat_Vi_ might;{may})
                                                                                           (IP-INF-CAT (VB;_Tn_ cause;{cause})
                                                                                                       (NP-OB1 (ADJP (AJLYR (AJLYR (ADJ severe;{severe}))
                                                                                                                            (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                                   (AJLYR (ADJ irreversible;{irreversible})))))
                                                                                                               (N harm;{harm})
                                                                                                               (PP (PP (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                                                                       (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                           (N public;{public})))
                                                                                                                   (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                                                                                                                          (PP (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                                                                                                              (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                                  (N environment;{environment})))))))))
                                                                          (PUNC ,)
                                                                          (PP-NIM (P-ROLE in;{in})
                                                                                  (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                                      (N absence;{absence})
                                                                                      (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                                          (NP (D a;{a})
                                                                                              (ADJP (ADJ scientific;{scientific}))
                                                                                              (N consensus;{consensus})
                                                                                              (CP-THT (IP-SUB (C that;{that})
                                                                                                              (NP-SBJ (N harm;{harm}))
                                                                                                              (MD;_cat_Vi_ would;{will})
                                                                                                              (NEG not;{not})
                                                                                                              (IP-INF-CAT (VB;_I_ ensue;{ensue}))))))))
                                                                          (PUNC ,)
                                                                          (NP-SBJ (D the;{the})
                                                                                  (N burden;{burden})
                                                                                  (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                                      (NP (N proof;{proof}))))
                                                                          (VBP;_Ipr_ falls;{fall[on]})
                                                                          (PP-CLR (P-ROLE on;{on})
                                                                                  (NP (D;_nphd_ those;{those})
                                                                                      (IP-REL (NP-SBJ (RPRO who;{who}))
                                                                                              (MD;_cat_Vi_ would;{will})
                                                                                              (IP-INF-CAT (VB;_Tg_ advocate;{advocate})
                                                                                                          (IP-PPL-OB1 (VAG;_Tn_ taking;{take})
                                                                                                                      (NP-OB1 (D the;{the})
                                                                                                                              (N action;{action}))))))))))))))))
          (PUNC .))
  (ID 31_a_factbook_2_2010))

arc(r_0031_0002__principles,r_0031_0001__Fundamental,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0002__principles,r_0031_0006__law,r_0031_0003__of).
arc(r_0031_0006__law,r_0031_0004__European_r_0031_0005__Union,nim).
arc(r_0031_0007__include,r_0031_0002__principles,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0007__include,r_0031_0079__and,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0011__the_r_0031_0012__notion,r_0031_0015__be,emb).
arc(r_0031_0015__be,r_0031_0016__handled,scope).
arc(r_0031_0016__handled,r_0031_0014__issues,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0016__handled,r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0017__by_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0023__or,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0018__the_r_0031_0027__authority,r_0031_0026__competent,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0019__smallest,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0021__lowest,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0023__or,r_0031_0025__centralized,conj3).
arc(r_0031_0025__centralized,r_0031_0024__least,qual).
arc(r_0031_0029__proportionality,r_0031_0033__may,prn).
arc(r_0031_0033__may,r_0031_0035__act,scope).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0034__only,nim).
arc(r_0031_0035__act,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,r_0031_0036__to__nim).
arc(r_0031_0039__needed,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,inv_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0039__needed,r_0031_0041__achieve,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0041__achieve,r_0031_0037__the_r_0031_0038__extent,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0041__achieve,r_0031_0043__objectives,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0043__objectives,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0045__conferral,r_0031_0056__and,prn).
arc(r_0031_0049__is,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0049__is,r_0031_0050__a_r_0031_0051__union,prd).
arc(r_0031_0050__a_r_0031_0051__union,r_0031_0053__member_r_0031_0054__states,r_0031_0052__of).
arc(r_0031_0056__and,r_0031_0049__is,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0056__and,r_0031_0057__all__quant,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0057__all__quant,r_0031_0059__authorities,restriction).
arc(r_0031_0057__all__quant,r_0031_0060__are,scope).
arc(r_0031_0059__authorities,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0060__are,r_0031_0062__granted,scope).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0059__authorities,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0061__voluntarily,nim).
arc(r_0031_0062__granted,r_0031_0065__members,r_0031_0063__by_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0065__members,r_0031_0031__the_r_0031_0032__EU,gen).
arc(r_0031_0068__certainty,r_0031_0067__legal,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0070__requires,r_0031_0068__certainty,inv_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0070__requires,r_0031_0074__be,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0073__rules,r_0031_0072__legal,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0074__be,r_0031_0073__rules,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0074__be,r_0031_0076__and,prd).
arc(r_0031_0076__and,r_0031_0075__clear,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0076__and,r_0031_0077__precise,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0009__subsidiarity,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0029__proportionality,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0045__conferral,conj3).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0068__certainty,conj4).
arc(r_0031_0079__and,r_0031_0081__principle,conj5).
arc(r_0031_0081__principle,r_0031_0080__precautionary,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,r_0031_0085__and,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0085__and,r_0031_0084__moral,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0085__and,r_0031_0086__political,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0088__stating,r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,inv_arg0).
arc(r_0031_0088__stating,r_0031_0090__if,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0090__if,r_0031_0095__might,restriction).
arc(r_0031_0090__if,r_0031_0126__falls_r_0031_0127__on,scope).
arc(r_0031_0093__or,r_0031_0091__an_r_0031_0092__action,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0093__or,r_0031_0094__policy,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0095__might,r_0031_0096__cause,scope).
arc(r_0031_0096__cause,r_0031_0093__or,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0096__cause,r_0031_0100__harm,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0098__or,r_0031_0097__severe,conj1).
arc(r_0031_0098__or,r_0031_0099__irreversible,conj2).
arc(r_0031_0100__harm,r_0031_0098__or,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0100__harm,r_0031_0104__or,z_0031_5076).
arc(r_0031_0104__or,r_0031_0102__the_r_0031_0103__public,r_0031_0101__to).
arc(r_0031_0104__or,r_0031_0106__the_r_0031_0107__environment,r_0031_0105__to).
arc(r_0031_0110__the_r_0031_0111__absence,r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0112__of).
arc(r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0114__scientific,attrib).
arc(r_0031_0113__a_r_0031_0115__consensus,r_0031_0119__not,emb).
arc(r_0031_0118__would,r_0031_0120__ensue,scope).
arc(r_0031_0119__not,r_0031_0118__would,keep_scope).
arc(r_0031_0120__ensue,r_0031_0117__harm,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0122__the_r_0031_0123__burden,r_0031_0125__proof,r_0031_0124__of).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls_r_0031_0127__on,r_0031_0110__the_r_0031_0111__absence,r_0031_0109__in__nim).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls_r_0031_0127__on,r_0031_0122__the_r_0031_0123__burden,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0126__falls_r_0031_0127__on,r_0031_0128__those,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0130__would,r_0031_0131__advocate,scope).
arc(r_0031_0131__advocate,r_0031_0128__those,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0131__advocate,r_0031_0132__taking,arg1).
arc(r_0031_0132__taking,r_0031_0128__those,arg0).
arc(r_0031_0132__taking,r_0031_0133__the_r_0031_0134__action,arg1).
arc(z_0031_5019,r_0031_0009__subsidiarity,arg0).
arc(z_0031_5019,r_0031_0011__the_r_0031_0012__notion,prd).
arc(z_0031_5101,r_0031_0081__principle,arg0).
arc(z_0031_5101,r_0031_0083__a_r_0031_0087__principle,prd).