27_a_lob_g01
The people — Langland's ‘folk’ and Gaunt's ‘knaves’ — were villeins still tied to the feudal obligations of work or villeins who had bought their release, free labourers who worked for the highest bidders, free yeomen who had prospered enough to become successful farmers, the artisans, craftsmen, journeymen and small tradesmen of the towns, and the retainers and men-at-arms in the pay of landed Lords.

0027_0007__folk folk 0027_0004__Langland langland 0027_0007__folk->0027_0004__Langland [gen] 0027_0009__and and 0027_0009__and->0027_0007__folk [conj1] 0027_0013__knaves knaves 0027_0009__and->0027_0013__knaves [conj2] 0027_0010__Gaunt gaunt 0027_0013__knaves->0027_0010__Gaunt [gen] 0027_0016__were were 0027_0001__The_0027_0002__people the_people 0027_0016__were->0027_0001__The_0027_0002__people [arg0] 0027_0026__or or 0027_0016__were->0027_0026__or [prd] 0027_0017__villeins villeins 0027_0026__or->0027_0017__villeins [conj1] 0027_0067__and and 0027_0026__or->0027_0067__and [conj2] 0027_0019__tied tied 0027_0019__tied->0027_0017__villeins [arg0] 0027_0018__still still 0027_0019__tied->0027_0018__still [nim] 0027_0021__the_0027_0023__obligations the_obligations 0027_0019__tied->0027_0021__the_0027_0023__obligations to[clr] 0027_0022__feudal feudal 0027_0021__the_0027_0023__obligations->0027_0022__feudal [attrib] 0027_0025__work work 0027_0021__the_0027_0023__obligations->0027_0025__work of 0027_0027__villeins villeins 0027_0067__and->0027_0027__villeins [conj1] 0027_0035__labourers labourers 0027_0067__and->0027_0035__labourers [conj2] 0027_0044__yeomen yeomen 0027_0067__and->0027_0044__yeomen [conj3] 0027_0054__the_0027_0055__artisans_0027_0057__craftsmen_0027_0059__journeymen_0027_0060__and_0027_0061__small_0027_0062__tradesmen the_artisans_craftsmen_journeymen_and_small_tradesmen 0027_0067__and->0027_0054__the_0027_0055__artisans_0027_0057__craftsmen_0027_0059__journeymen_0027_0060__and_0027_0061__small_0027_0062__tradesmen [conj4] 0027_0068__the_0027_0069__retainers_0027_0070__and_0027_0071__men-at-arms the_retainers_and_men-at-arms 0027_0067__and->0027_0068__the_0027_0069__retainers_0027_0070__and_0027_0071__men-at-arms [conj5] 0027_0029__had had 0027_0030__bought bought 0027_0029__had->0027_0030__bought [scope] 0027_0030__bought->0027_0027__villeins [arg0] 0027_0032__release release 0027_0030__bought->0027_0032__release [arg1] 0027_0031__their their 0027_0032__release->0027_0031__their [gen] 0027_0034__free free 0027_0035__labourers->0027_0034__free [attrib] 0027_0037__worked worked 0027_0037__worked->0027_0035__labourers [arg0] 0027_0039__the_0027_0041__bidders the_bidders 0027_0037__worked->0027_0039__the_0027_0041__bidders for[clr] 0027_0040__highest highest 0027_0039__the_0027_0041__bidders->0027_0040__highest [attrib] 0027_0043__free free 0027_0044__yeomen->0027_0043__free [attrib] 0027_0046__had had 0027_0047__prospered prospered 0027_0046__had->0027_0047__prospered [scope] 0027_0047__prospered->0027_0044__yeomen [arg0] 0027_0048__enough enough 0027_0047__prospered->0027_0048__enough [nim] 0027_0050__become become 0027_0048__enough->0027_0050__become [emb] 0027_0052__farmers farmers 0027_0050__become->0027_0052__farmers [prd] z_0027_5031 _ 0027_0050__become->z_0027_5031 [arg0] 0027_0051__successful successful 0027_0052__farmers->0027_0051__successful [attrib] 0027_0064__the_0027_0065__towns the_towns 0027_0054__the_0027_0055__artisans_0027_0057__craftsmen_0027_0059__journeymen_0027_0060__and_0027_0061__small_0027_0062__tradesmen->0027_0064__the_0027_0065__towns of 0027_0073__the_0027_0074__pay the_pay 0027_0068__the_0027_0069__retainers_0027_0070__and_0027_0071__men-at-arms->0027_0073__the_0027_0074__pay in 0027_0077__Lords lords 0027_0073__the_0027_0074__pay->0027_0077__Lords of 0027_0076__landed landed 0027_0076__landed->0027_0077__Lords [arg0] z_0027_5005 _ z_0027_5005->0027_0009__and [prd] z_0027_5005->0027_0001__The_0027_0002__people [arg0]
arc(r_0027_0007__folk,r_0027_0004__Langland,gen).
arc(r_0027_0009__and,r_0027_0007__folk,conj1).
arc(r_0027_0009__and,r_0027_0013__knaves,conj2).
arc(r_0027_0013__knaves,r_0027_0010__Gaunt,gen).
arc(r_0027_0016__were,r_0027_0001__The_r_0027_0002__people,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0016__were,r_0027_0026__or,prd).
arc(r_0027_0019__tied,r_0027_0017__villeins,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0019__tied,r_0027_0018__still,nim).
arc(r_0027_0019__tied,r_0027_0021__the_r_0027_0023__obligations,r_0027_0020__to__clr).
arc(r_0027_0021__the_r_0027_0023__obligations,r_0027_0022__feudal,attrib).
arc(r_0027_0021__the_r_0027_0023__obligations,r_0027_0025__work,r_0027_0024__of).
arc(r_0027_0026__or,r_0027_0017__villeins,conj1).
arc(r_0027_0026__or,r_0027_0067__and,conj2).
arc(r_0027_0029__had,r_0027_0030__bought,keep_scope).
arc(r_0027_0030__bought,r_0027_0027__villeins,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0030__bought,r_0027_0032__release,arg1).
arc(r_0027_0032__release,r_0027_0031__their,gen).
arc(r_0027_0035__labourers,r_0027_0034__free,attrib).
arc(r_0027_0037__worked,r_0027_0035__labourers,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0037__worked,r_0027_0039__the_r_0027_0041__bidders,r_0027_0038__for__clr).
arc(r_0027_0039__the_r_0027_0041__bidders,r_0027_0040__highest,attrib).
arc(r_0027_0044__yeomen,r_0027_0043__free,attrib).
arc(r_0027_0046__had,r_0027_0047__prospered,keep_scope).
arc(r_0027_0047__prospered,r_0027_0044__yeomen,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0047__prospered,r_0027_0048__enough,nim).
arc(r_0027_0048__enough,r_0027_0050__become,emb).
arc(r_0027_0050__become,r_0027_0052__farmers,prd).
arc(r_0027_0050__become,z_0027_5031,arg0).
arc(r_0027_0052__farmers,r_0027_0051__successful,attrib).
arc(r_0027_0054__the_r_0027_0055__artisans_r_0027_0057__craftsmen_r_0027_0059__journeymen_r_0027_0060__and_r_0027_0061__small_r_0027_0062__tradesmen,r_0027_0064__the_r_0027_0065__towns,r_0027_0063__of).
arc(r_0027_0067__and,r_0027_0027__villeins,coord_conj1).
arc(r_0027_0067__and,r_0027_0035__labourers,coord_conj2).
arc(r_0027_0067__and,r_0027_0044__yeomen,coord_conj3).
arc(r_0027_0067__and,r_0027_0054__the_r_0027_0055__artisans_r_0027_0057__craftsmen_r_0027_0059__journeymen_r_0027_0060__and_r_0027_0061__small_r_0027_0062__tradesmen,coord_conj4).
arc(r_0027_0067__and,r_0027_0068__the_r_0027_0069__retainers_r_0027_0070__and_r_0027_0071__men__hyphen__at__hyphen__arms,coord_conj5).
arc(r_0027_0068__the_r_0027_0069__retainers_r_0027_0070__and_r_0027_0071__men__hyphen__at__hyphen__arms,r_0027_0073__the_r_0027_0074__pay,r_0027_0072__in).
arc(r_0027_0073__the_r_0027_0074__pay,r_0027_0077__Lords,r_0027_0075__of).
arc(r_0027_0076__landed,r_0027_0077__Lords,arg0).
arc(z_0027_5005,r_0027_0001__The_r_0027_0002__people,arg0).
arc(z_0027_5005,r_0027_0009__and,prd).


IP-MAT NP-SBJ D The NS people PUNC <mdash> PRN NP NLYR NLYR NP-GEN NPR Langland GENM 's PULQ N folk PURQ CONJP CONJ and NLYR NP-GEN NPR Gaunt GENM 's PULQ NS knaves PURQ PUNC <mdash> BED;~Ln were NP-PRD NLYR NLYR NS villeins IP-PPL ADVP-NIM ADV still VVN tied PP-CLR P-ROLE to NP D the ADJP ADJ feudal NS obligations PP P-ROLE of NP N work CONJP CONJ or NLYR NLYR NLYR NS villeins IP-REL NP-SBJ RPRO who HVD;~cat_Ve had IP-PPL-CAT VVN bought NP-OB1 NP-GEN PRO;_genm_ their N release PUNC , CONJP NLYR ADJP ADJ free NS labourers IP-REL NP-SBJ RPRO who VBD worked PP-CLR P-ROLE for NP D the ADJP ADJS highest NS bidders PUNC , CONJP NLYR ADJP ADJ free N yeomen IP-REL NP-SBJ RPRO who HVD;~cat_Ve had IP-PPL-CAT VVN prospered ADVP-NIM ADV enough IP-INF TO to VB;~Ln become NP-PRD ADJP ADJ successful NS farmers PUNC , CONJP NLYR D the NLYR NLYR NS artisans PUNC , CONJP NLYR NS craftsmen PUNC , CONJP NLYR NS journeymen CONJP CONJ and NLYR ADJP ADJ small NS tradesmen PP P-ROLE of NP D the NS towns PUNC , CONJP CONJ and NLYR D the NLYR NLYR NS retainers CONJP CONJ and NLYR NS men-at-arms PP P-ROLE in NP D the N pay PP P-ROLE of NP IP-PPL VVN landed NS Lords PUNC .
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (D The;{the})
                  (NS people;{people})
                  (PUNC <mdash>)
                  (PRN (NP (NLYR (NLYR (NP-GEN (NPR Langland;{Langland})
                                               (GENM <apos>s))
                                       (PULQ <lquo>)
                                       (N folk;{folk})
                                       (PURQ <rquo>))
                                 (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                        (NLYR (NP-GEN (NPR Gaunt;{Gaunt})
                                                      (GENM <apos>s))
                                              (PULQ <lquo>)
                                              (NS knaves;{knave})
                                              (PURQ <rquo>))))))
                  (PUNC <mdash>))
          (BED;~Ln were;{be})
          (NP-PRD (NLYR (NLYR (NS villeins;{villein})
                              (IP-PPL (ADVP-NIM (ADV still;{still}))
                                      (VVN tied;{tie})
                                      (PP-CLR (P-ROLE to;{to})
                                              (NP (D the;{the})
                                                  (ADJP (ADJ feudal;{feudal}))
                                                  (NS obligations;{obligation})
                                                  (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                      (NP (N work;{work})))))))
                        (CONJP (CONJ or;{or})
                               (NLYR (NLYR (NLYR (NS villeins;{villein})
                                                 (IP-REL (NP-SBJ (RPRO who;{who}))
                                                         (HVD;~cat_Ve had;{have})
                                                         (IP-PPL-CAT (VVN bought;{buy})
                                                                     (NP-OB1 (NP-GEN (PRO;_genm_ their;{their}))
                                                                             (N release;{release})))))
                                           (PUNC ,)
                                           (CONJP (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ free;{free}))
                                                        (NS labourers;{labourer})
                                                        (IP-REL (NP-SBJ (RPRO who;{who}))
                                                                (VBD worked;{work})
                                                                (PP-CLR (P-ROLE for;{for})
                                                                        (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                            (ADJP (ADJS highest;{high}))
                                                                            (NS bidders;{bidder}))))))
                                           (PUNC ,)
                                           (CONJP (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ free;{free}))
                                                        (N yeomen;{yeoman})
                                                        (IP-REL (NP-SBJ (RPRO who;{who}))
                                                                (HVD;~cat_Ve had;{have})
                                                                (IP-PPL-CAT (VVN prospered;{prosper})
                                                                            (ADVP-NIM (ADV enough;{enough})
                                                                                      (IP-INF (TO to;{to})
                                                                                              (VB;~Ln become;{become})
                                                                                              (NP-PRD (ADJP (ADJ successful;{successful}))
                                                                                                      (NS farmers;{farmer}))))))))
                                           (PUNC ,)
                                           (CONJP (NLYR (D the;{the})
                                                        (NLYR (NLYR (NS artisans;{artisan}))
                                                              (PUNC ,)
                                                              (CONJP (NLYR (NS craftsmen;{craftsman})))
                                                              (PUNC ,)
                                                              (CONJP (NLYR (NS journeymen;{journeyman})))
                                                              (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                     (NLYR (ADJP (ADJ small;{small}))
                                                                           (NS tradesmen;{tradesman}))))
                                                        (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                            (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                (NS towns;{town})))))
                                           (PUNC ,)
                                           (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                  (NLYR (D the;{the})
                                                        (NLYR (NLYR (NS retainers;{retainer}))
                                                              (CONJP (CONJ and;{and})
                                                                     (NLYR (NS men_-_at_-_arms;{man_at_arms}))))
                                                        (PP (P-ROLE in;{in})
                                                            (NP (D the;{the})
                                                                (N pay;{pay})
                                                                (PP (P-ROLE of;{of})
                                                                    (NP (IP-PPL (VVN landed;{land}))
                                                                        (NS Lords;{lord}))))))))))))
          (PUNC .))
  (ID 27_a_lob_g01))