| 1 | IBM 1401 Programming Systems |
| 2 | When companies order an IBM 1401 Data Processing System , methods - programming staffs are given the responsibility of translating the requirements of management into finished applications . |
| 3 | 1401 Programming Systems are helping cut the costs of getting the computer into operation by simplifying and expediting the work of these methods staffs . |
| 4 | Modern , high - speed computers , such as the 1401 , are marvelous electronic instruments , but they represent only portions of data processing systems . |
| 5 | Well - tested programming languages for communication with computers must accompany the systems . |
| 6 | It is through these languages that the computer itself is used to perform many of the tedious functions that the programmer would otherwise have to perform . |
| 7 | A few minutes of computer time in translating the program can be equal to many , many hours of staff time in writing instructions coded in the language of the computer . |
| 8 | The combination of a modern computer plus modern programming languages is the key to profitable data processing . |
| 9 | This brochure explains modern IBM Programming Languages and their significance to management . |
| 10 | Page 2 : Here an operator points to machine language instructions for a new application being generated by the 1401 system on the 1403 high - speed printer . |
| 11 | Statements about the application which were written by the programmer are being translated internally to machine - coded language . |
| 12 | What Is A 1401 Program ? |
| 13 | A program is a series of instructions that direct the 1401 as it solves an application . |
| 14 | What Is A Stored Program Machine ? |
| 15 | A stored program machine is one which stores its own instructions in magnetic form and is capable of acting on those instructions to complete the application assigned . |
| 16 | The 1401 uses a stored program . |
| 17 | What Are 1401 Programming Systems ? |
| 18 | There are two types : ( 1 ) Systems that provide the programmer with a simplified vocabulary of statements to use in writing programs , and ( 2 ) Pre - written programs , which take care of many of the everyday operations of the 1401 . |
| 19 | What 1401 Programming Systems Mean To Management : |
| 20 | INCREASED PROGRAMMING EFFICIENCY |
| 21 | Programmers can concentrate on the application and results rather than on a multitude of “ bookkeeping ” functions , such as keeping track of storage locations . |
| 22 | FASTER TRANSLATION OF MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS INTO USABLE RESULTS |
| 23 | Simplified programming routines allow programmers to write more instructions in less time . |
| 24 | SHORTER TRAINING PERIODS |
| 25 | Programmers use a language more familiar to them rather than having to learn detailed machine codes . |
| 26 | REDUCED PROGRAMMING COSTS |
| 27 | Many pre - written programs are supplied by IBM , eliminating necessity of customers ' staffs writing their own . |
| 28 | MORE AVAILABLE 1401 TIME |
| 29 | Pre - written programs have already been tested by IBM , reducing tedious checking operations on the computer . |
| 30 | EASIER TO UNDERSTAND PROGRAMS |
| 31 | Programs are written in symbolic or application - oriented form instead of computer language . |
| 32 | This enables management to communicate more easily with the programming staff . |
| 33 | FASTER REPORTS ON OPERATIONS |
| 34 | Routines such as those designed for report writing permit faster translation of management requirements into usable information . |
| 35 | IBM Programming Systems : |
| 36 | Symbolic Programming Systems |
| 37 | These systems permit programs to be written using meaningful names ( symbols ) rather than actual machine language . |
| 38 | Autocoder |
| 39 | This is an advanced symbolic programming system . |
| 40 | It allows generation of multiple machine instructions from one source statement , free - form coding , and an automatic assembly process through magnetic tape . |
| 41 | COBOL |
| 42 | COBOL is a problem - oriented programming language for commercial applications . |
| 43 | COBOL permits a programmer to use language based on English words and phrases in describing an application . |
| 44 | Input<sol>Output Control System |
| 45 | This system provides the programmer with a packaged means of accomplishing input and output requirements . |
| 46 | Utility Programs |
| 47 | These are pre - written instructions to perform many of the everyday operations of an installation . |
| 48 | Subroutines |
| 49 | These are routines for multiplication , division , dozens conversion , and program error detection aids . |
| 50 | Tape Utilities |
| 51 | These are generalized instructions , particularly useful to 1401 customers who also use larger data processing systems . |
| 52 | They facilitate the transfer of data between IBM cards , magnetic tapes , and printers . |
| 53 | They also provide for some 1401 processing while the transfer of data is taking place . |
| 54 | Tape Sort Programs |
| 55 | Data can be sorted and classified at high speed for further processing by use of these generalized sorting routines . |
| 56 | Report Program Generator |
| 57 | The programmer uses simplified , descriptive language with which he is already familiar to obtain reports swiftly and efficiently . |
| 58 | FORTRAN ( Contraction of FORmula TRANslator ) |
| 59 | Engineers and mathematicians state problems in familiar algebraic language for solution by the computer . |
| 60 | RAMAC File Organization |
| 61 | Routines are supplied for simplifying organization of records for storage in the 1401 Random Access File . |
| 62 | Here 's how one of the 1401 programming systems — Report Program Generator — works to increase programming efficiency |
| 63 | 1401 computers produce important reports for management in record time because of their outstanding processing and printing abilities . |
| 64 | In addition to this rapid machine processing of input data used in reports , still more speed is achieved by the rapid preparation of programs to produce the reports . |
| 65 | This is possible because of the IBM Report Program Generator , a unique system which permits programs to be created with a minimum of time and effort . |
| 66 | This example illustrates how the Report Program Generator simplifies the preparation of one part of an Expense Distribution Report ( The Major Total Line ) : |
| 67 | Without the Report Program Generator , the program to get the Major Total Line would be written out in detail , step by step : |
| 68 | But with the Report Program Generator , all the programmer has to write are these two statements : |
| 69 | It 's just as easy to write the statements to generate the rest of the report ! |
| 70 | The 1401 itself does the work of converting the programmers ' statements into the detailed instructions . |
| 71 | The Report Program Generator is an example of what IBM Programming Systems can accomplish . |
| 72 | With IBM you can be certain of total systems support for maximum profitability . |
| 73 | IBM Stands For Service |
| 74 | Service that begins long before the delivery of a computer ... and continues in depth long after . |
| 75 | Service that has been proven by years of data processing experience . |
| 76 | New IBM Services include : Programmed Applications Library Pre - tested computer programs designed to handle various major data processing functions common to firms within a specific industry . Programming Systems Support To keep customers up - to - date on the availability and use of all new programming systems . To assist the IBM programming staff in reflecting customer requirements in the specification of new programming systems . |
| 77 | Other services available to every IBM customer : |
| 78 | Program Library |
| 79 | A library of 1401 programs will be established to aid all 1401 customers in solving specific applications , scientific as well as commercial . |
| 80 | These will include programs written by customers and programs written by IBM . |
| 81 | Schools and Seminars |
| 82 | Executive schools for management personnel . |
| 83 | Programming schools for methods personnel . |
| 84 | Industry seminars where customers meet to discuss subjects of common interest . |
| 85 | Branch Offices |
| 86 | More than 200 branch offices serve customer needs promptly and efficiently . |
| 87 | Sales and Systems Representatives |
| 88 | Experienced , highly trained individuals work with customers in applying IBM methods to their requirements . |
| 89 | These are just a few of the many IBM services . |
| 90 | Your IBM Sales Representative will be pleased to discuss all of them with you . |
| 91 | International Business Machines Corporation Data Processing Division , 112 East Post Road White Plains , New York |
| 92 | -LSB- Footnote A : COBOL specifications were developed by the Conference on Data Systems Languages , a voluntary cooperative effort of users , and manufacturers of data processing systems . -RSB- |