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title Article from Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia's Kyoto Articles (Version 2.01)
source Wikipedia 2011/01/13
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1Rinzai Zen Buddhism        [BDS_00002;1]
2Rinzai Zen Buddhism is one of the Chinese five Houses / seven Schools of Zen (Rinzai, Igyou, Soto, Unmon, Hogan) and Gigen RINZAI (<quest> - 867) of Tang was its founder.        [BDS_00002;2]
3He was known as “RINZAI of Katu (meaning to help wake up the sleeping mind)” and “General RINZAI”, and rose to the top of Chinese Zen with his distinctive style.        [BDS_00002;3]
4With its Zen Talks that try to awaken self awareness through study of Koan, it differs from the Silent Zen of the Soto sect, which just does meditation.        [BDS_00002;4]
5Rinzai School in China        [BDS_00002;5]
6As the name implies, Rinzai School started with its founder Gigen RINZAI at the end of the Tang dynasty, after the anti-Buddhist movement at the Kaishou era.        [BDS_00002;6]
7RINZAI was the disciple of Kiun OBAKU; the school grew as a religious movement centered in the province of Hebei, with the support of Changshi WANG of the Hanchin government, but in the confusion that arose around the end of the Tang dynasty, Hebei was at the center of the tumultuous five dynasties and it became difficult to sustain a religious movement.        [BDS_00002;7]
8The central figure around that time was Enshou FUKETSU.        [BDS_00002;8]
9It was in the Northern Song dynasty that Rinzai School became vibrant again, below the gates of Sekiso SOEN, along with Enan OURYU and Houe YOUGI who came from Jiangxi province and created the two main sectes of Rinzai (Ouryu and Yougi), and swept across all of China.        [BDS_00002;9]
10When it came to the Southern Song dynasty, Soukou DAIE, a disciple of Kokugon ENGO who belonged to the Yougi sect, started the Daikan sect in Zhejiang province, which became a major sect in the Rinzai School.        [BDS_00002;10]
11Rinzai School in Japan        [BDS_00002;11]
12According to doctrine, it was brought over to China from India by Bodhidharma, the 28th successor of the 10 disciples (called Kasho) who directly received the teaching (enlightenment) of Siddhartha Gautama.        [BDS_00002;12]
13Later the Rinzai school, which achieved the pinnacle of Zen teaching, was brought to Japan in the Kamakura period by Eisai, who went to China to study in the Southern Song period.        [BDS_00002;13]
14Japan's Rinzai is one of Zen schools in Japan.        [BDS_00002;14]
15It emphasizes the transmission of enlightenment from teacher to disciple. (Hassu is the disciple who inherited the teaching of the master.)        [BDS_00002;15]
16It calls Sakyamuni the Original Teacher Venerable Sakyamuni Buddha, Bodhidharma the First Ancestor and Great Teacher Bodhidharma, and RINZAI the Founder and Great Teacher Rinzai.        [BDS_00002;16]
17In contrast to the Soto Zen school which spreads through regional clans and the general people, the Rinzai School received support from Samurai families in government, and was esteemed in the politics and culture.        [BDS_00002;17]
18Later, the Rinzai School was rebuilt in the Edo period by Master HAKUIN, and continued to be called Hakuin Zen.        [BDS_00002;18]
19Traditions        [BDS_00002;19]
20Transmission of enlightenment from masters to disciples continues down to the present day (Hassu is the disciple who inherited the teaching of the master).        [BDS_00002;20]
21The important interaction between the master and disciple is called “a secret in the room” and is not to be taken out of the master's room and revealed publicly.        [BDS_00002;21]
22What is extracted from the interactions between a master and disciple, or Zen lecture transcripts that record the actions of a master, is called a Koan (precedent) and various collections have been compiled since the Song dynasty; but enlightenment is not something that can be communicated with words, so when people today try to understand the text, the Koan itself refuses them.        [BDS_00002;22]
23However, they contain hints that lead people toward enlightenment, and there are a great many Zen books from the beginning down to the present day.        [BDS_00002;23]
24Also since the Song dynasty, the Zen schools changed to a Kannazen style in which masters give lectures using transcripts of Zen talks and the masters became not to display the same majesty as those in the Tang dynasty including Rinzai.        [BDS_00002;24]
25Although masters choose their successors when they die, the successors have not necessarily attained enlightenment by that time, but that fact is only known to the master and the successor himself.        [BDS_00002;25]
26Even if the new master had not attained enlightenment, the disciples would have been able to do so if it is within a few generations from that of the master who gained enlightenment, therefore it is possible to take such a measure.        [BDS_00002;26]
27It is possible for a master to leave behind several new masters, or at his discretion not to leave a successor and bring his line to an end.        [BDS_00002;27]
28Many lines have split, and some have disappeared; in this way some of those lines have come down from the 7th century to the present day.        [BDS_00002;28]
29Enlightenment        [BDS_00002;29]
30The Zen sects generally emphasize enlightenment over knowledge.        [BDS_00002;30]
31Enlightenment in Zen means that all living things realize the inherent buddha nature they possess.        [BDS_00002;31]
32For this reason, masters in the Tang dynasty struggled to enlightenment through much hardship.        [BDS_00002;32]
33However, they began to devise many techniques for gaining enlightenment from the Song dynasty.        [BDS_00002;33]
34These were systematized so that enlightenment could be gained by performing training such as Zazen (not the same as meditation), Koan (understanding stories that surpass intellectual understanding), Dokyou (reading sutras), or Samu (everyday work) under an already enlightened Zen master.        [BDS_00002;34]
35Enlightenment is thought to pass from the master to the disciple as a candle flame passes to a candle that is unlit (called Dentou).        [BDS_00002;35]
36That is not a transmission based on words (logos).        [BDS_00002;36]
37For this reason, it is considered crucial to choose the right Zen master.        [BDS_00002;37]
38That means not just choosing one who has gained enlightenment, but one who fits with one's own personality.        [BDS_00002;38]
39Actually, it does not mean that an enlightened Zen master instructs and enables someone to gain enlightenment.        [BDS_00002;39]
40Masters in the Tang dynasty did not learn to get enlightenment from anybody - not to mention Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha, Shakuson), who gained enlightenment without a teacher.        [BDS_00002;40]
41While it is impossible to define enlightenment with words, words are one of many methods that can describe the boundaries of enlightenment.        [BDS_00002;41]
42That is why, especially after it was brought to Japan, enlightenment has been expressed through artistic expression such as poetry and painting, so that one can get a taste of its aroma.        [BDS_00002;42]
43Other than in art, it is also expressed in deportments such as tea ceremony and flower arrangement; and methods to get a taste of the world of enlightenment have also been born.        [BDS_00002;43]
44That is not an intellectual understanding.        [BDS_00002;44]
45The Koan System        [BDS_00002;45]
46The Koan system came together after the Song dynasty, and though they might be fabricated it has made even more enlightenments possible.        [BDS_00002;46]
47Most Koan are made up of conversations between a master and disciple, telling the truth of the moment when the disciple gained enlightenment.        [BDS_00002;47]
48Koan can not be received with logical, intellectual understanding, and are stories beyond logic that can be understood only by completely becoming the Koan itself instead of thinking.        [BDS_00002;48]
49The Koan system was established by collecting these Koan stories as a method for leading disciples and was composed of 500 to 1900 Koan stories.        [BDS_00002;49]
50Koan system differs according to the master's style.        [BDS_00002;50]
51Examples of Koan stories in the beginning.        [BDS_00002;51]
52“Does a dog have buddha-nature?”        [BDS_00002;52]
53“It does not have.”        [BDS_00002;52]
54As the background, any Buddhist knows that “all living things have Buddha-nature.”        [BDS_00002;53]
55The Sound of One Hand Clapping        [BDS_00002;54]
56A disciple has to listen to the sound of clapping with one hand and show that to the master.        [BDS_00002;55]
57By intellectual understanding, it is impossible to clap with one hand and make a sound.        [BDS_00002;56]
58Sects        [BDS_00002;57]
59Kenni-ji sect        [BDS_00002;58]
60The sect began when Eisai came back from Southern Song China in 1202.        [BDS_00002;59]
61Eisai was the first to bring the Zen tradition to Japan.        [BDS_00002;60]
62Head temple is Kenni-ji in Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;61]
63Kenni-ji is the oldest Zen temple in Japan.        [BDS_00002;62]
64Tofuku-ji sect        [BDS_00002;63]
65The sect began in Kyoto when Benen ENNI returned from Song China in 1236.        [BDS_00002;64]
66Head temple is Tofuku-ji in Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;65]
67Ekei ANKOKUJI, who was a monk and also acted as a diplomat for the Mori clan in the Warring States period, belonged to this school.        [BDS_00002;66]
68Kencho-ji sect        [BDS_00002;67]
69The sect was established by Douryuu RANKEI in 1253, who was invited from Southern Song China by Tiyori HOJOU, the 5th regent of the Kamakura Shogunate.        [BDS_00002;68]
70Head temple is Kencho-ji in Kamakura, founded by Douryuu RANKEI.        [BDS_00002;69]
71Kencho-ji was the first Zen temple that opened the first pure Zen training hall in Japan, with more than 1,000 monks training there at one time.        [BDS_00002;70]
72Enkaku-ji sect        [BDS_00002;71]
73The sect began in Kamakura in 1282 when Sogen MUGAKU was invited from China.        [BDS_00002;72]
74Head temple is Enkaku-ji in Kamakura.        [BDS_00002;73]
75Enkaku-ji Temple was passed from Sogen MUGAKU to Kennichi KOUHOU and Soseki MUSOU, and was at one time the center of Japanese Zen.        [BDS_00002;74]
76Famous Zen masters after the Meiji period include Kousen IMAKITA, Souen SHAKU, and Sougen ASAHINA.        [BDS_00002;75]
77Daisetsu SUZUKI who introduced Zen to the West experienced Zen under the two masters, IMAKITA and Souen SHAKU as a lay buddhist.        [BDS_00002;76]
78Also, Soseki NATSUME approached Souen SHAKU and wrote about that experience in The Gate.        [BDS_00002;77]
79Nanzen-ji sect        [BDS_00002;78]
80The sect was begun by Fumon MUKAN in 1291.        [BDS_00002;79]
81Head temple is Nanzen-ji in Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;80]
82Kokutai-ji sect        [BDS_00002;81]
83The sect was begun by Myoi JIUN around 1300.        [BDS_00002;82]
84Head temple is Kokutai-ji (Takaoka City in Toyama Prefecture), which was rebuilt in the Meiji period by Tesshuu YAMAOKA.        [BDS_00002;83]
85Taninaka-no-Zenseian, founded by Tesshuu, is a famous temple of the Kokutai-ji sect.        [BDS_00002;84]
86Daitoku-ji sect        [BDS_00002;85]
87The sect was begun in 1315 by Myouchou SHUUHOU.        [BDS_00002;86]
88Head temple is Daitoku-ji in Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;87]
89It was razed during the Onin War in the Muromachi period, but Soujun IKKYUU rebuilt it.        [BDS_00002;88]
90Kogaku-ji sect        [BDS_00002;89]
91The sect was begun by Tushou BASSUI in 1327.        [BDS_00002;90]
92Head temple is Kogaku-ji in Koushuu City, Yamanashi Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;91]
93Myoshin-ji sect        [BDS_00002;92]
94The sect was begun in 1337 by Egen KANZAN.        [BDS_00002;93]
95Head temple is Myoshin-ji in Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;94]
96Subsidiary temples include Keishunin, Shunkouin, and Taizouin.        [BDS_00002;95]
97It is the largest sect of the Rinzai School, with more than 3,400 sect temples.        [BDS_00002;96]
98Tenryu-ji sect        [BDS_00002;97]
99The sect was begun in 1339 by Soseki MUSOU.        [BDS_00002;98]
100Head temple is Tenryu-ji in Arashiyama, Kyoto.        [BDS_00002;99]
101Eigen-ji sect        [BDS_00002;100]
102The sect was begun in 1361 by Genkou JAKUSHITSU.        [BDS_00002;101]
103Head temple is Eigen-ji in Higashioumi City, Shiga Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;102]
104It has about 150 branch temples mainly in the area of Shiga Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;103]
105Belonged to the Tofuku-ji sect until 1880.        [BDS_00002;104]
106Hoko-ji sect        [BDS_00002;105]
107The sect was begun by Gensen MUMON in 1384.        [BDS_00002;106]
108Head temple is Hoko-ji in Inasa Town, Kita-ku, Hamamatsu City.        [BDS_00002;107]
109It has about 170 branch temples mainly in the area of Shizuoka Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;108]
110Belonged to the Nanzen-ji sect until 1904.        [BDS_00002;109]
111Shokoku-ji sect        [BDS_00002;110]
112The sect was begun by Soseki MUSOU in 1392.        [BDS_00002;111]
113Head temple is Shokoku-ji in Kyoto, established by Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA.        [BDS_00002;112]
114It has about 100 branch temples nationwide.        [BDS_00002;113]
115Kinkaku-ji Temple and Ginkaku-ji Temple are affiliated.        [BDS_00002;114]
116Buttsu-ji sect        [BDS_00002;115]
117The sect was begun by Shuukyuu GUCHUU in 1397.        [BDS_00002;116]
118Head temple is Buttsu-ji in Mihara City, Hiroshima Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;117]
119It has about 50 branch temples mainly in the area of Hiroshima Prefecture.        [BDS_00002;118]
120Belonged to the Tenryu-ji sect until 1905.        [BDS_00002;119]
121Affiliated Educational Institutions        [BDS_00002;120]
122Hanazono University        [BDS_00002;121]
123Shogen Junior College        [BDS_00002;122]
124Hanazono Middle School / High School        [BDS_00002;123]